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GEM/1 was written before VGA, so the highest resolution it canmanage on standard PC hardware is 640x350 using the EGA driver (or720x348 mono if you've got a Hercules card). If you try tosubstitute a VGA driver from a later version (say SDPSC8.VGA fromGEM/3.0) then the menus start acting oddly; the top left-hand cornerof the screen fills up with the desktop pattern or bits ofmenus.
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I've developed a patch to fix this; it can be downloaded asVGAPATCH.ZIP from my programs page. Therest of this document describes what is going wrong and why.
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Investigation
My first thought was that this was a driver incompatibility, soI proceeded to take the GEM/1 EGA driver and gradually change itinto a VGA driver. Since EGA and VGA are very similar from ahardware point of view, this is quite easy. The first step is tochange the video mode selected; this is at 39C0h in IBMEHFP3.SYS,and just needs to be changed from 10h to 12h. GEM/1 didn'tcomplain; it simply left the bottom quarter of the screenblank.
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The next step was to increase the height of the screen. This isdone by searching in the driver file for the number 349 (015Dh) andreplacing it with the new height. The obvious change to make is tomake it 479 (01DFh); doing this resulted in the same problems aswhen the GEM/2 driver was used. By varying the replacement height,I found that the maximum value that works is 0198h (408)corresponding to a 640x409 resolution.
This suggests a signed-integer overflow in the AES, because a640x409 screen takes 32720 bytes (fitting in 15 bits), but a640x410 one would take 32800 (which needs 16 bits). Furtherinvestigation shows that the gsx_mcalc()
function inGEM/2 uses 32-bit arithmetic, but the equivalent function in GEM/1does not:
gsx_mcalc() in GEM/1
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gsx_mcalc() in GEM/2
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Fixing it
So, can GEM/1 be patched to use 32-bit arithmetic here? Perhapsnot completely, but the data loss is at the point that the size inparagraphs gets converted to a byte count. Since a 640x480 planefits in 38400 bytes, we should be able to get away with using16-bit unsigned arithmetic rather than signed. That's a simplechange; just remove the dec bx
at the end of thefunction.
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To do this, take a hex editor to GEM1.EXE. Search for thesequence
(in GEM v1.2 it's at offset 0A8CFh from the start of the file).Change the last byte to 90h, so it becomes:
This fix doubles the maximum plane size, which is fine for640x480 and 800x600 displays. But it's possible to do better, byusing a 32-bit shift rather than a 16-bit shift. The code to dothis is actually shorter than the original:
To do this, search for the same byte sequence as before,i.e.:
and change it to:
Links
- I've done something similar for Windows 1.0.
- ... and for Windows 2.03.